What were the restrictions placed on Jews after the Fourth Lateran Council, and what were their effects?
What will be an ideal response?
The council's pronouncements included restrictions on Jews living in western Europe. The intention of the council was to delineate what it meant to be Christian, and this led to a distinction of identification between Christians and non-Christians. Pope Innocent III issued the decree that Jews (and Muslims) must wear specifically identifying clothing to mark themselves as separate from Christians. Because many believed that only Christians could have authority over other Christians, Jews were prohibited from holding public office. Part of the thirteenth century was spent rooting out heretics, and so the council included the mandate that Jews and Muslims who had converted to Catholicism could not return to their previous religion. All of these factors had the effect of marginalizing and restricting the Jewish population. These restrictions would increase in the future and were a sign of things to come, most notably the expulsion of Jews from Christian countries.
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a. Paper. b. Silk. c. Papyrus. d. Parchment. e. Linen.
What was the significance of Magellan's experience?
A) He proved that one could not reach Asia by sailing west from Europe. B) He found the Cape of Good Hope. C) He proved that sailing west from Europe was the safest route to Asia. D) He proved that it was possible to sail around the world.
Compare and contrast the political culture of the early decades of the 1800s with the political culture of the late 1700s
What political, economic, and social reasons can be attributed to the similarities or differences of the political cultures of these two distinct eras in American history?
Looking at Map 1.1, which of these areas was free of glaciers in the Old Stone Age?
A) Africa B) Latin America C) Asia D) Europe