A nurse plans health education for a patient who will be receiving warfarin (Coumadin) for several weeks after knee-replacement surgery. Which substance should the nurse caution the patient to avoid?

a. Ginkgo biloba
b. Black cohosh
c. Valerian
d. Kava


ANS: A
Ginkgo biloba has anticoagulant effects and can cause bleeding in individuals using anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. Black cohosh is an herbal treatment for hot flashes. Kava kava is considered to have analgesic properties but would not cause increased risk of bleeding. Valerian has calming, sleep-inducing effects.

Nursing

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