Praetorianism is
a. the method of controlling bureaucratic appointments during the Soviet period by selecting individuals from a pre-existing list of names.
b. a political system where the military is an active participant in politics.
c. a setting in which the state focuses on having a strong military force and emphasizes the need to be prepared to use it aggressively.
d. the act of overthrowing an existing government.
e. a collective, comprised of the heads of the various segments of the armed forces, which oversees policy decisions in some military governments.
B
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Which of the following explains why strong civilian control may have hampered the outcome of the Iraq War in the long run?
a. Ignoring the recommendations of CENTCOM b. Assuming Americans will be greeted as liberators c. Confusion between civilian and military leadership d. All of the above are true.
Sometimes psychologists choose non-experimental methods in their research because
a. experimental approaches have been criticized as involving too much control over variables. b. psychologists are seldom concerned with issues of cause and effect in behavior. c. non-experimental research shows higher levels of internal validity. d. the experimental approach may involve a problem with ethics.
Prior to about 1900, political parties would recruit campaign workers based on the promise of a good federal job with an electoral victory. Such a system of employee management is referred to as
a. civil service. b. patronage. c. employment security. d. employee deregulation. e. managed labor.
Who can vote in a closed primary election?
A. any registered voter of any party except independents B. only registered members of that party C. any registered voter of any party, and independents D. anyone, even unregistered voters E. None of these answers is correct.