The refers to changes in behavior as a result of observation and manipulation of conditions in an environment

What will be an ideal response?


Hawthorne Effect

Counseling

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On the basis of research on parenting, what advice should counselors give parents about how much to be involved in their adolescents' school life?

a. Parents should not be involved in school-related activities, like monitoring homework, so that their adolescents will learn to handle their own problems with class work and teachers. b. Parents should become more involved when there are behavior problems in school, but adolescents should handle all of their own academic problems. c. Adolescents' academic achievement is likely to benefit when parents remain actively involved in school-related activities like monitoring homework and serving as partners in school decision making. d. Reduced parental involvement in school-related activities promoted positive growth in autonomy and peer relations.

Counseling

Is child psychotherapy efficacious?

a. The results are unclear; the meta-analyses that have examined this have come to different conclusions. b. Yes, but not as much as in adults; the meta-analyses that have examined this have shown reliably smaller effect sizes for children than adults. c. Yes, with effect sizes comparable to effect sizes for adults; this indicates that efficacy is similar for children and adults. d. Yes, but what we don’t know is how well children without therapy would have fared; a controlled experiment still needs to be conducted.

Counseling

According to Erikson's theory, which developmental task is central to the middle adulthood stage of life?

a. Ego integrity. b. Intimacy. c. Autonomy. d. Generativity.

Counseling

Mary has been with Dave for 5 years, and they have three children. Mary loves Dave, but when he drinks he gets really nasty. When Mary smells alcohol on Dave’s breath she sends the kids next door, makes Dave’s favorite meal, and does not argue or react to his verbal assaults. These are considered

a. Coping skills b. Defense mechanisms c. Denial behaviors d. Resources

Counseling