With regard to the structure and function of the placenta, the maternity nurse should be aware that:
a. As the placenta widens, it gradually thins to allow easier passage of air and nutrients.
b. As one of its early functions, the placenta acts as an endocrine gland.
c. The placenta is able to keep out most potentially toxic substances such as cigarette smoke to which the mother is exposed.
d. Optimal blood circulation is achieved through the placenta when the woman is lying on her back or standing.
B
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A The placenta widens until week 20 and continues to grow thicker.
B The placenta produces four hormones necessary to maintain the pregnancy.
C Toxic substances such as nicotine and carbon monoxide readily cross the placenta into the fetus.
D Optimal circulation occurs when the woman is lying on her side.
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