Research is reported showing that people who abuse substances are more likely to physically abuse their spouses than those who do not abuse substances. Further investigation reveals that substance abuse leads to less consideration for the abuser’s spouse, which in turn leads to more physical abuse. In this instance, consideration for the abuser’s spouse is:
a. An extraneous variable that creates a spurious relationship between substance abuse and spouse abuse
b. An intervening variable that makes up the causal mechanism connecting substance abuse and spouse abuse
c. The variable that conceptualizes this causal process leading from substance abuse to spouse abuse
d. Irrelevant to the establishment of a causal connection between substance abuse and spouse abuse
b. An intervening variable that makes up the causal mechanism
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