The type of enema that is usually ordered for an infant is:
A. Tap water
B. Hypertonic
C. Oil retention
D. Physiological normal saline
D
D. Physiological normal saline is safest. Infants and children can tolerate only this type because of their predisposition to fluid imbalance. If solution is prepared at home, mix 500 ml (1 pint) of tap water with 1 teaspoon table salt.
A. Tap water (hypotonic) enema should not be repeated after first instillation because water toxicity or circulatory overload can develop.
B. Hypertonic solution is useful for clients who cannot tolerate large volumes of fluid. Only 120 to 180 ml (4 to 6 ounces) is usually effective (e.g., commercially prepared Fleet enema).
C. Oil retention enema uses an oil-based solution. Permits administration of a small volume, which is absorbed by the stool. The absorption of the oil softens stool for easier evacuation.
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