The ethical requirement of voluntary participation in qualitative research is:

a. More difficult to establish in covert participation.
b. Not required unless subjects are below the age of 18.
c. Not required, regardless of whether data are being collected or not.
d. Not often a problem in focus group research.


a. More difficult to establish in covert participation.

Criminal Justice

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In contrast to Act Consequentialism, Rule Consequentialism ______.

a. relies on direction from the King or Ruler b. allows use of general rules or principles c. focuses on the origin of the rule of behavior d. rejects general rules or principles

Criminal Justice

After observing other children fighting on the playground, a young boy begins to pick a fight with one of his classmates. This scenario is most closely an example of ______.

a. feeblemindedness b. social learning theory c. operant conditioning d. criminal personality

Criminal Justice

In most prisons, who does much of the day-to-day work of running the facility?

A. wardens B. line staff C. inmates D. guards

Criminal Justice

When is a collateral remedy available to a defendant?

a. Following exhaustion of his direct appeals b. In some instances, following a failure to take advantage of direct appeals c. Both a and b are correct. d. Neither a nor b is correct.

Criminal Justice