Madeline is working to teach her 4-year-old daughter, Eliza, how to count. She places 10 buttons in one row with very little space between the buttons, and 8 buttons in another row with more space between the buttons; therefore, the second row is longer than the first. Then Madeline asks her daughter which row has more buttons. Inevitably, Eliza chooses the second row, even though she knows that 10 is more than 8. What is this an example of?

Dr. Martin is conducting a study of infant attachment. Her hypothesis is that infants who have not yet developed some concept of object permanence will not show specific attachments to caregivers. Which theoretical view of attachment does Dr. Martin hold?

a. Cognitive b. Behavioral c. Psychoanalytic d. Biological

According to the authors, one of the more notable accomplishments of positive psychology is ______.

a. that more psychologists are participating in it than other perspectives b. the increased attention toward the field due to theories and research findings c. how much more we know about virtues d. continuing to build upon itself throughout history

Which statement about optimism is FALSE?

A) Optimism is moderately heritable. B) Levels of optimism tend to fluctuate across the lifetime. C) Optimists tend to have better cardiovascular health. D) Pessimists can be trained be become more optimistic.

Which of the following statements is not true regarding achievement tests?

A) They can be administered to large groups of people. B) They can be used to predict the performance of children in untested environments. C) They are often standardized and norm-referenced. D) They can be used to screen children for learning problems.