Which of the following statements best captures the essence of a second messenger in the mechanisms of the endocrine system?
A)
Second messengers act as the intracellular signal that responds to the presence of a hormone.
B)
Endocrine-producing cells must release both a hormone and a second messenger in order to exert a distant effect.
C)
Second messengers act to supplement hormone effects on cell receptors when the desired hormonal effect must be either increased.
D)
Second messengers provide an alternative pathway for endocrine effects on a cell that bypass the normal receptor pathways.
Ans:
A
Feedback:
Second messengers interact with hormones that cannot cross the cell membrane, and they mediate the ultimate effect on the cell. They are not produced by the hormone-producing cell, and they are necessary to bring about hormonal effects, not simply for increasing the intensity of the effect. They are not an alternative mechanism of effect but rather a prerequisite for certain hormonal effects on body cells.
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