Explain the complexities of the debate about whether or not race-based affirmative action policies are effective.
What will be an ideal response?
1. An individual’s beliefs about the existence of racial inequalities in society are likely to impact their views of affirmative action.
2. Some individuals argue that class-based affirmative action might be more effective than race-based policies.
3. Not all institutions are required to comply with affirmative action policies, which may undermine their effectiveness.
4. “Hard” and “soft” approaches to affirmative action have benefits and drawbacks.
Learning Objective: 4.4.2 Analyze the debate surrounding affirmative action as a tool in the fight against racial stratification.
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According to the text's discussion of sexuality in later life:
a. the vast majority of older couples remain sexually active. b. the elderly are perceived as sexless. c. women experience more comfort and less anxiety about sex as they age. d. all of the above
The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as
A. culture. B. society. C. socialization. D. social structure.
Sociologists use the term __________ for the practice of judging all other cultures by one’s own culture, assuming that one’s own way of life is superior to all others.
a.authoritarianism b.ethnocentrism c.cultural relativism d.self-centeredness
Idealism focuses on the importance of ideas in determining culture. Idealists assert that the components of needs and the resources to meet them are
a. constructed by the government. b. determined by human instinct. c. socially constructed. d. individually constructed.