Provide an overview of egocentric thought and how it manifests in children's behavior and thought
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- Egocentric thought is thinking that does not take the viewpoints of others into account. Preschoolers do not understand that others have different perspectives from their own.
- Egocentric thought takes two forms: the lack of awareness that others see things from a different physical perspective, and their failure to realize that others may hold different thoughts, feelings and points of view.
- As a result, children lack concern over their behavior and are unable to understand its impact on others.
- Egocentric children may talk to themselves and ignore others.
- They believe if they can't see others, such as in a game of hide and seek, then others cannot see them.
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Comparing people in 5th grade to people in 12th grade, the biggest drop in number of waking hours spent with family members occurs in contact with
a. mothers. b. siblings. c. the entire family group. d. fathers.
An increasingly popular conceptualization of temperament classifies infants according to _________, or how easily they become aroused, and _________, or the ability to adjust one's level of arousal
a. self-regulation; reactivity c. disinhibition; display rules b. inhibition; display rules d. reactivity; self-regulation
Which statement is true about gender differences in same-sex adult friendships?
A) Men have more intimate same-sex friendships than women. B) Female friends often say they prefer to “just talk” when they get together. C) Women prefer to “do something” when they get together with same-sex friends. D) Men generally evaluate their same-sex friendships more positively than women do.
Joshua tries to learn to solve a mathematics problem, but he does not get the correct answer on his first attempt. He tells his teacher, "I just can't do math. Can I go play now?" According to Carol Dweck, Joshua has:
a. a performance orientation b. a learning orientation c. high self-efficacy d. a strong defense mechanism