Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Before-and-after quasi-experimental designs cannot control for confounding factors.
2. In order to avoid bias, it is imperative that matching is based on relevant confounding factors.
3. Pre-experiments allow the comparison of tests between the control and experimental group.
4. When random assignment to a control or experimental group is not possible, is impractical, or unethical, quasi-experimental research designs, or non-randomized designs are used.
5. In comparison to the other experimental designs, using the Solomon Four Group design can lead to many validity problems.
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
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Which of the following is not part of the common exit observations of the driver by the
stopping police officer? a. Driver has a "death grip" on the steering wheel. b. Driver has difficulty opening the door to exit. c. Driver leans against the vehicle for support. d. Driver displays angry reactions while exiting.
The idea that the punishment should be tailored to the risk level of the individual, not the crime, is most representative of the ______ school of criminology.
a. Classical b. German c. Italian d. Russian
Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses:
a. Focus on internal and external validity, respectively b. Focus on external and internal validity, respectively c. Are examples of the evaluation of need d. Are examples of the evaluation of efficiency
Community policing and homeland security are similar in that both are proactive
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false