Which hypothesis argues that simply having other people in the room will help performance on easy tasks and hinder performance on difficult tasks?
A. coordination loss
B. mere presence hypothesis
C. evaluation apprehension hypothesis
D. process loss
Answer: B
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Tamika is learning how to tie her shoes. Her father praises her for crossing the shoelaces. Then, he praises her again as she learns to form one end into a loop. Slowly, Tamika learns how to tie a bow with the laces. This reinforcing of small steps toward a desired behavior is called
a. negative reinforcement. b. extinction. c. conditioned response. d. shaping.
Walt is an artist who draws cartoon panels for motion pictures. Each panel shows a slight change in the position of the characters. When the individual panels are transferred to film and shown at the proper speed, the characters appear to move smoothly across the screen. The perception of movement results from the way in which:
a. iconic memory works b. flashbulb memories are formed c. episodic memory is encoded d. rehearsal occurs in short-term memory
Kia and her friend are discussing why so many child actors become troubled adults. Kia says, "Obviously they were spoiled as children, which made them unprepared to become adults." From a scientific point of view, what is wrong with Kia's statement?
A) It is based on anecdotal evidence. B) It is an appeal to authority. C) It is an appeal to common sense. D) Nothing; it is a well-supported conclusion.
In terms of maternal employment and delinquent behavior:
a. the more a mother works, the greater the degree of delinquent behavior exhibited by her children. b. working mothers have more delinquent sons, but not daughters. c. the effects appear to be related to degree of parental supervision. d. the effects can be offset by authoritarian parenting in the home.