The pathophysiology class is learning how microorganisms develop resistance to anti-infective drugs. What is one way the nursing students would learn that microorganisms develop resistance to anti-infective drugs?
A) By rearranging their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to produce membranes that are permeable to the drug
B) By producing an enzyme that stimulates the drug
C) By changing the cellular membrane to allow the drug entry into the cell
D) By altering binding sites on the membrane or ribosomes so that the drug cannot enter the cell
D
Feedback:
Microorganisms have developed resistance by changing cellular permeability to prevent the drug from entering the cell by altering binding sites on the membranes or on ribosomes so the drug can no longer be accepted and by producing enzymes that deactivate the drug. Microorganisms have not been found to be able to rearrange their DNA to change their membrane structure.
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A patient who is severely brain damaged has decerebrate posturing with extended extremities. The nurse understands that damage most likely occurred in which area of the brain?
a. Cerebellum b. Cerebrum c. Brain stem d. Hypothalamus
After receiving a tube feeding, the patient becomes sweaty and has abdominal distention with diarrhea. The nurse assesses that this is because of:
1. an expected reaction to the tube feeding. 2. dumping syndrome. 3. gastric reflux syndrome. 4. onset of gastroenteritis.
The nurse has completed the collection and analysis of data from a patient assessment. What is the nurse's next action?
1. Evaluate outcomes from care. 2. Plan care. 3. Determine patient care goals. 4. Formulate nursing diagnoses.
As the nurse plans care for a newly admitted patient, identification of dysfunctional behaviors will provide the focus for
a. evaluation. b. nursing diagnosis. c. nursing interventions. d. outcome identification.