A student described an incident in which a man attacked a pedestrian and a bystander came to his rescue. The student suggested that the incident provided evidence of "an aggressive instinct and an altruistic instinct."
The class argued back and forth and finally turned to the instructor for guidance. What would a psychologist have to say about the topic of the class discussion?
a) "A more likely explanation for the behaviors involves the needs hierarchy."
b) "Only two instincts have been identified in human beings and they are not aggression and altruism."
c) "Although instincts occur in some lower animals, in humans we cannot rule out learning explanations for such behaviors."
d) "In order to understand these behaviors, we need to know about the participants' optimum levels of arousal, not instincts."
C
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Which of the following would tend to provide the most conservative estimate of split-half reliability?
a. the Phillips method b. the Spearman-Brown formula c. coefficient alpha d. the odd-even reliability coefficient
An interview procedure that is not recommended to assist in the memory of witnesses because it can create demand characteristics is to
A. interrupt the witness. B. repeat a question not answered the first time. C. slow down the rate of questioning. D. use a cognitive interview.
What is the often-used term for those individuals who have a high level of importance in one's life?
A) Peer groups B) Social supporters C) Possible selves D) Significant others
Which of the following statements is true about the field of child development?
A) Scientific curiosity is the prevailing factor that led to the study of children, and current researchers primarily answer questions of scientific interest. B) The field of child development is considered interdisciplinary because it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields. C) Child development is the area of study devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan. D) Most of what we know about child development comes from psychologists and medical professionals.