In teaching a client about an upcoming diagnostic test, the nurse identifies that which one of the following uses an injection of contrast material?
1. Holter monitor
2. Echocardiography
3. Cardiac catheterization
4. Exercise stress test
ANS: 3
A cardiac catheterization involves the injection of contrast material in order to visualize the car-diac chambers, valves, the great vessels, and coronary arteries. It also is used to measure the pressures and volumes within the chambers of the heart. A Holter monitor is a portable ECG worn by the client. It does not require contrast media. An echocardiography is a noninvasive measure that graphically depicts overall cardiac performance. An exercise stress test evaluates the cardiac response to the physical stress of the client on a treadmill. Contrast material is not used for this test.
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