Epidemiological studies cannot control for selection factors
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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Which statement about self-esteem among early-school-age children is correct?
a. Early-school-age boys are more critical of their abilities than early-school-age girls. b. Early-school-age children are exposed to low levels of peer criticism that challenge self-esteem. c. Early-school-age children feel less guilty about violating rules and norms than younger children. d. Early-school-age children are likely to experience feelings of depression and worthlessness that may crystallize into a scheme for low self-esteem.
According to the biological model, anxiety disorders develop because of ____
a. ?some physical condition or disease b. ?societal pressure to react with anxiety to certain situations c. ?the learning of coping mechanisms d. ?a predisposition to suffer severe anxiety
______ are studies that examine more than one independent variable to determine the separate and combined effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable.
A. Interaction effect B. Levels of the independent variable C. Marginal means D. Factorial designs
Hadley was a compulsive gambler who used to gamble on all the different sporting events. A year ago, Hadley lost over $4,000 in a single weekend, and he hasn't gambled since then. Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that for Hadley, the loss of $4,000 acted as a:
a. negative punisher for gambling b. positive punisher for gambling c. conditioned stimulus for gambling d. negative reinforcer for gambling