The nurse is assisting with teaching a patient who has been exposed to hepatitis B. Which symptoms should the nurse relate may be present in a patient with hepatitis B before jaundice appears? (Select all that apply.)
a. Confusion
b. Nausea
c. Dark-colored urine
d. Elevated blood glucose
e. Rash
f. Muscle or joint pain
ANS: B, E, F
Early signs of hepatitis are loss of appetite, rashes, malaise, muscle and joint pain, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. As the virus affects the liver, the urine may darken and the stool color lightens, liver enzymes may rise, and jaundice may appear. Confusion is a late sign of liver disease. Glucose abnormalities occur with pancreatic disease.
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