Which example would most people take longest to identify as a fruit (even though it technically is a fruit)?
A) grape
B) apple
C) orange
D) olive
Answer: D
Rationale: People can use prototypes—mental representations of an average category member—to determine whether something belongs is a category or not. Because an olive does not resemble most people's prototype for the concept of fruit, it will likely take the longest to identify it as belonging to the category.
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In an independent-measures ANOVA, individual differences contribute to the variance in the numerator and in the denominator of the F-ratio. For a repeated-measures ANOVA, what happens to the individual differences in the numerator of the F-ratio?
a. They do not exist because the same individuals participate in all treatments. b. They are measured and subtracted out in the second stage of the analysis. c. Individual differences contribute to the variance in the numerator. d. None of the other options accurately describes individual differences in the numerator.
Who initially discovered the idea of the absolute threshold?
A. Fechner B. Weber C. Gestalt D. Pavlov
Some researchers believe that humans' capacity for empathy is based on the nerve cells called _____
a. sympathy neurons b. mirror neurons c. empathy cells d. altruism neurons
Which of the following is an example of private speech in slightly older children?
a. A first-grader displaying externalized speech during math problem solving. b. A third-grader counting on his fingers to solve a math problem. c. A seventh-grader verbally thinking through the steps of a math problem in her head. d. None of these.