Explain Sutherland's principles of differential association
What will be an ideal response?
According to Sutherland, criminals are not born but rather, those who adopt criminal lifestyles do so in the following ways:
1 . Criminal behavior is learned.
2 . The fundamental basis of learning criminal behavior is learned in intimate personal groups.
3 . Criminal behavior is acquired through interaction with other persons in a process of communication.
4 . The learning process includes the techniques of committing the crime and specific rationalizations and attitudes for criminal activity.
5 . General attitudes regarding the respect (or lack of respect) for laws are reflected in attitudes
toward criminal behavior.
6 . A person becomes delinquent or criminal because of an excess of definitions favorable to
violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of the law.
7 . Differential association can vary in duration, frequency, and intensity.
8 . The processes for learning criminal behavior parallel those of any other learning process.
9 . Criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values (as with noncriminal behavior), but is not explained by these needs and values.
People learn the specifics of criminality, such as specialized techniques, attitudes, justifications, and rationalization. Learning these specifics develops a favorable predisposition to criminal lifestyles.
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A type of research that generates knowledge about crime and justice phenomena by making comparisons (qualitative and quantitative) across different countries or cultures is called __________________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Courts of limited jurisdiction handle ________ cases.
A. felony B. minor C. military D. narcotics
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Plea bargains typically do nothing to help manage the caseload and resources for the court. 2. Cumulative disadvantage is not a real worry for youth of color. 3. A police officer who has classist beliefs about who is most likely to use drugs might focus her policing in poor neighborhoods or handle teens from rich neighborhoods informally by taking them home to their parents if they get in trouble, while handling poorer teens formally and arresting them for their bad behavior. 4. Disproportionate minority contact of juveniles by police is a problem in many areas of the country.
Which of the following is true about private policing? a. It is a fairly recent development in policing
b. It developed because of a reduction in crime. c. It developed because police departments were not hiring. d. It developed over a long period of time.