Briefly describe points on both sides of the debate of whether or not emotion can be experienced without cognitive appraisal
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Zajonc presented emotional stimuli subliminally so that participants were not aware of the stimuli. However, the stimuli influenced evaluations of subsequent neutral stimuli. Therefore, Zajonc argued that affective judgments can take place before cognition. Lazarus, on the other hand, argued that certain physiological changes can be associated with several different emotions; therefore, it is the cognitive appraisal of the situation and arousal that determines what emotion is.
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At one time, Abraham Lincoln, William James, news anchor Mike Wallace, and author J.K. Rowling each suffered from a mental disorder. Consequently, their examples contradict the myth that ____
a. mentally disordered people must have had bad parents b. mental illness makes a person useless c. mentally disturbed people must have inherited their disorders d. mentally disordered people only need to exercise willpower to recover
Psychologist Carroll Izard thinks that infants can express several basic emotions as early as age
a. two weeks. b. six weeks. c. ten weeks. d. six months.
Adorno devised which scale to measure the authoritarian personality?
a) The implicit association test b) Points allocations c) The f-scale d) The a-scale
It is estimated that about one out of ______ American adolescents will run away at least once before their eighteenth birthday
A) 3 B) 7 C) 16 D) 24