Which statements about urge incontinence and stress incontinence are true? (Select all that apply.)

a. Urge incontinence involves a post-voiding residual volume less than 50 mL.
b. Stress incontinence occurs because of weak pelvic floor muscles.
c. Stress incontinence usually occurs in people with dementia.
d. Urge incontinence can be managed by in-creasing fluid intake.
e. Urge incontinence occurs because of ab-normal bladder contractions.


B, E
Clients who suffer from stress incontinence have weak pelvic floor muscles or urethral sphincter and cannot tighten their urethra sufficiently to overcome the increased detrusor pressure. Stress incontinence is common after childbirth, when the pelvic muscles are stretched and weakened from pregnancy and delivery. Urge incontinence occurs in people who cannot suppress the con-traction signal from the detrusor muscle. Abnormal detrusor contractions may be a result of neu-rologic abnormalities or may occur with no known abnormality.

Nursing

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