A public health nurse notes an increase in regional throat cancer cases. Upon epidemiological studies, many of the throat cancer clients also had oral exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV). This exposure to HPV would be considered by:
A) Deep penetration of open lesions
B) Direct contact with infected secretions
C) Ingestion of HPV through the GI tract
D) Accidental aspiration and inhalation of pathogens
Ans: B
Feedback:
Most STIs are spread by direct contact. In addition to causing infectious diseases, certain viruses also have the ability to transform normal host cells into malignant cells during the replication cycle. This group of viruses is referred to as oncogenic and includes certain retroviruses and DNA viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus. Vertical transmission is possible for many sexually transmitted pathogens, but direct contact is more common. Ingestion and penetration are less likely mechanisms.
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