How do scientists know that proofreading occurs during and after the DNA replication process?

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DNA polymerase mismatches bases about once in every 10,000 to 1 million base pairs, but the actual mutation rate is one mistake in every 100 million to 10 billion base pairs.

Biology & Microbiology

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The Punnett square illustration below shows that

theoretically a. half of human sperm carry a Y chromosome. b. half of human zygotes are XY. c. all zygotes carry an X chromosome. d. gender depends upon which type of sperm fertilizes the egg. e. all of these are true.

Biology & Microbiology

Effects of Indigenous Microbes

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Biology & Microbiology

Hypothyroidism during infancy and childhood can lead to a condition of retarded mental and physical developmentcalled:a

dwarfism. b. gigantism. c. acromegaly. d. myxedema. e. cretinism

Biology & Microbiology

The most common type of connective tissue in the human body is

A) fibrous connective tissue. B) adipose tissue. C) loose connective tissue. D) bone.

Biology & Microbiology