How is the precautionary principle used in environmental health? What is an alternative philosophical approach?
What will be an ideal response?
The precautionary principle states that substances, such as potential toxicants, are assumed to be harmful until shown to be harmless. This approach allows us to identify troublesome toxicants before they are released into the environment, but it may also significantly impede the pace of technological and economic advance. Thoroughly testing every existing substance for its effects is long, complicated, and expensive, so some may favor the innocent-until-proven-guilty approach. This approach assumes that substances are harmless until shown to be harmful. This approach may lead to putting substances into wide use that may later turn out to be dangerous.
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A. frequency. B. speed. C. wavelength. D. none of the above
To be effective, fog lamps on cars should be directed in which of the following directions?
A. slightly oblique B. straight ahead C. slightly downward D. slightly upward
As Earth revolves around the sun, Earth's axis remains parallel to its former positions. What is this characteristic called?
a. Constant inclination b. Parallelism c. True bearing d. Angle of incidence
The practice of reducing wasteful or unnecessary energy use is called ________
A) energy switching B) energy efficiency C) technology reduction D) energy conservation E) cogeneration