What are the three basic techniques to control deadlocks?
1 . Deadlock prevention. A transaction requesting a new lock is aborted when there is the possibility that a deadlock can occur. If the transaction is aborted, all changes made by this transaction are rolled back and all locks obtained by the transaction are released. The transaction is then rescheduled for execution. Deadlock prevention works because it avoids the conditions that lead to deadlocking.
2 . Deadlock detection. The DBMS periodically tests the database for deadlocks. If a deadlock is found, the "victim" transaction is aborted (rolled back and restarted) and the other transaction continues.
3 . Deadlock avoidance. The transaction must obtain all of the locks it needs before it can be executed. This technique avoids the rolling back of conflicting transactions by requiring that locks be obtained in succession. However, the serial lock assignment required in deadlock avoidance increases action response times.
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