The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can detect as few as 10 toxin-producing Escherichia coli in a population of 100,000 microorganisms isolated from soft cheese samples.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
True
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____ speciation is the gradual emergence of two or more species as a result of the geographic separation of two or more groups of animals of the same species
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.
What would be a primary advantage of passive immunity with diseases such as tetanus or botulism?
A. Time. You can quickly neutralize the toxin with a passive administration of antibodies to save the patient's life when none is available for them to make their own active immune response. B. Cost. It's far cheaper to administer a dose of antibodies harvested from the serum of an actively immunized animal or human than it is to administer a vaccine. C. Safety of delivery. It's far safer to administer a dose of antibodies harvested from the serum of an actively immunized animal or human than it is to administer a vaccine. D. Handling of treatment. It's difficult to keep vaccines stored properly to keep their potency, especially in Third World countries without adequate "cold chains" for transport into jungles and deserts. It's much easier to keep a batch of antibodies stable, even in extremes of heat and humidity.
Interferons beta and alpha are released from ________ and act to inhibit viral replication by ________.
A) phagocytotic cells : degrading RNA B) infected cells : degrading RNA C) T lymphocytes : degrading RNA D) neutrophils : digesting the virus E) phagocytotic cells : digesting the virus
Compare and contrast the two polio vaccines used to nearly eradicate polio.
What will be an ideal response?