A 60-year-old man with diabetes has a below-knee amputation and asks, "Why does it still feel like my leg is attached and in pain?"
The nurse explains that our minds gather information and develop patterns called a neurosignature, all the parts of our bodies become a part of the pattern, and it takes time for the pattern to adapt to change or loss. This pattern is a part of the:
A) Personal pattern analysis
B) Past experience
C) Anxiety control measures
D) Extended gate control theory
Ans: D
Feedback: The extended gate control theory proposes that information is processed in a neuromatrix, from which a characteristic pattern emerges called the neurosignature. When the patient had his leg removed, the pattern is changed and his body perceived the change as pain. Option A is incorrect; personal pattern analysis sounds good but is not a theory and is used to distract the test-taker. Option B is incorrect; past experience is not a theory of neurosignature patterns. Option C is incorrect; anxiety control measures are interventions that are not directly reacted to a theory of neurosignature patterns.
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The placenta allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus by
a. Contact between maternal blood and fetal capillaries within the chorionic villi b. Interaction of maternal and fetal pH levels within the endometrial vessels c. A mixture of maternal and fetal blood within the intervillous spaces d. Passive diffusion of maternal carbon dioxide and oxygen into the fetal capillaries
The nurse is determining the route of transmission for an infectious organism. Which of the following are types of transmission routes? (Select all that apply.)
1. Ingestion 2. Vector-borne 3. Common vehicle 4. Airborne 5. Droplet 6. Contact