How are collisions handled by CSMA/CD?
What will be an ideal response?
Even though stations must listen to the wire before sending a transmission, two stations could listen to the wire simultaneously and not sense a carrier signal. In such a case, both stations might begin to transmit their data simultaneously. Shortly after the simultaneous transmissions, a collision would occur on the network wire. The stations would detect the collision as their transmitted signals collided with one another.
Once a collision is detected, the first station to detect the collision transmits a 32-bit jam signal that tells all other stations not to transmit for a brief period (9.6 microseconds or slightly more). The jam signal is used to ensure that all stations are aware that a collision has occurred. After the jam signal is transmitted, the two stations that caused the collision use an algorithm to enter a backoff period, which causes them not to transmit for a random interval. The backoff period is an attempt to ensure that the two stations do not immediately cause another collision.
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