Describe Leo Kanner’s contribution to the field of autism.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: In 1943, Leo Kanner, a psychiatrist at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Blatimore, identified the symptoms that characterize autism. Kanner described eleven children with an “inability to relate themselves in the ordinary way to people and situations.” Kanner use the term autistic, which means “to escape from reality,” to describe this condition. Kanner believe that these children came “into the world with innate inability to form the usual, biologically affective contact with people, just as other children come into the world with innate physical or intellectual handicaps.” In addition, Kanner described these children as having an excellent rote memory, delays in the acquisition of speech and language, and an anxiously obsessive desire for the maintenance of sameness.
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Which statement is included in the Code of Ethics of the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) of the Council for Exceptional Children (2009) about Responsive Family Centered Practices?
a. We shall demonstrate respect and appreciation b. We shall provide support and services c. We shall respect, value, promote, and encourage active participation. d. All of the above
Antecedent strategies prevent problem behavior by
a. altering consequences for a replacement behavior b. increasing skill development c. reinforcing problem behavior d. altering situations that trigger problem behavior
Fourth grade teacher Tony Catania began a lesson by asking a low level question. As his students showed interest in the topic and began to contribute to a discussion, the teacher used the most effective instructional technique by:
a) asking fewer questions and letting students engage in higher level conversations b) encouraging literal thinking to help students focus on facts c) awarding points for participation so that students felt respected d) asking students to respond only in writing to document their thinking
One can rule out the possibility of reverse causality if one can establish that
a. X always precedes Y in time. b. Y, always precedes X in time. c. X may occur either before Y or after Y. d. It is impossible to say what the time relationship between X and Y is.