In a qualitative study that involves multiple contacts between the researcher and study participants, the researcher may negotiate which of the following?
A) Implied consent
B) Stipend
C) Process consent
D) Risk/benefit ratio
C
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In qualitative studies, consent may need to be continually renegotiated with participants as the study evolves, through process consent procedures. Researchers often assume implied consent by the return of a completed questionnaire, which reflects the person's voluntary consent to participate. A major potential benefit to participants is direct monetary or material gains through stipends or other incentives; however, these are not typically negotiated during the study but are determined at the beginning of the study. In a risk/benefit assessment, the potential benefits of the study to individual participants and to society are weighed against the costs to individuals.
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