______ tend to not like rational choice and routine activities theories because the "free agent" position naturally leads to a retributivist stance on punishment.

a. conservatives
b. moderates
c. liberals


c. liberals

Criminal Justice

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The special prosecutor in the Iran-Contra arms case issued a final report absolving high-level officials including President Reagan and Vice President Bush from responsibility in covering up the crime

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

Fines disproportionately affect _______.

A. the indigent B. women C. African-Americans D. white collar criminals

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In order for a causal relationship to exist, the ______ variable must cause the change in the ______ variable.

A. independent; dependent B. dependent; independent C. constant; independent D. dependent; constant

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The use of mixed methods research has decreased over the last 25 years.

Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

Criminal Justice