Which of the following factors affect cardiac performance? 1. Preload 2. Afterload 3. Contractility 4. Cardiac output
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: C
Cardiac performance is affected by preload, contractility, and afterload, and is evaluated by the measurement of cardiac output.
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