Which of the following best summarizes the central factor in resolution of the initiative versus guilt crisis?
how strict or relaxed parents and teachers are about potty training
how parents and society react to a child's seeking independence
how an adolescent's parents react to their sexual exploration
whether or not a child becomes overly attached to their same-sex parent
how parents and society react to a child's seeking independence
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Rovee-Collier and her colleagues (1993) tied one end of a ribbon to a brightly colored mobile and tied the other end ties to an infant's ankle. What did these studies measure?
a. Object permanence b. Habituation c. Memory d. The age of onset of primary circular reactions
A Spanish study (Miranda &Presentacion, 2000) found that it was possible to teach children with ADHD to "stop and think" before giving in to aggressive impulses. This type of program or treatment is known as
a. psychoanalysis. b. immersion therapy. c. cognitive behavioral therapy. d. genetic counseling.
One form of violence that is prevalent across virtually all cultures is
a. violence against young girls. b. gun violence. c. domestic violence. d. bullying.
Frieda used to be afraid of dental visits because she associated the sound of the drill with pain. However, Frieda's new dentist is "painless" and the sound of the drill is no longer associated with pain. Consequently, Frieda finds her fear of dental visits has disappeared. Frieda's change in responsiveness to dental visits illustrates the classical conditioning process referred to as:
a. extinction b. spontaneous recovery c. conditioned inhibition d. second-order conditioning