It is difficult to assign a precise phenotypic definition to alcoholism because _____

a. not enough volunteers agree to participate in genome wide association studies
b. alcoholism does not have environmental components
c. alcoholism is an innate behavior
d. genetic testing for alcoholism is not available
e. excessive consumption of alcohol is subjective


e

Biology & Microbiology

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Which type of receptor is involved in rapid responses of muscle cells and neurons? (Select all correct choices.)

A. G protein-coupled receptor B. receptor kinase C. ligand-gated ion channel D. nuclear receptor

Biology & Microbiology

Why are the ends of microfilaments and microtubules called "plus ends" and "minus ends"?

A. because monomers are added more quickly to one end (the "plus end") than they are to the other end (the "minus end") B. because polymerization occurs at one end (the "plus end") and depolymerization occurs at the other end (the "minus end") C. because monomers can be added to one end only (the "plus end"), and can only be removed from the other end (the "minus end") D. because the actin and tubulin monomers that make up microfilaments and microtubules have evolved more rapidly than most other proteins

Biology & Microbiology

In this diagram, mitotic spindle microtubules have attached to the sister chromatids at their kinetochores. In which phase of mitosis do the microtubules attach to the kinetochore?



a. prophase
b. metaphase
c. prometaphase
d. telophase

Biology & Microbiology

The specialization of stem cells into various cellular types is called ________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Biology & Microbiology