A 70-year-old patient presents to the primary care provider reporting loss of vision. A history that includes hypertension and cigarette smoking supports which visual diagnosis?
a. Presbyopia
b. Macular degeneration
c. Strabismus
d. Amblyopia
ANS: B
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a severe and irreversible loss of vision and a major cause of blindness in older individuals. Hypertension and cigarette smoking are risk factors. Presbyopia is a condition associated with aging in which the patient experiences reduced near vision. In strabismus, one eye deviates from the other when the person is looking at an object. In amblyopia, vision is reduced in the affected eye caused by cerebral blockage of the visual stimu
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