Batteries (e.g., lead-acid batteries) store chemical energy and convert it to electric energy on demand. Batteries do not store electric charge or charge carriers. Charge carriers (electrons) enter one terminal of the battery, acquire electrical potential energy, and exit from the other terminal at a lower voltage. Remember the electron has a negative charge! It is convenient to think of positive carriers flowing in the opposite direction, that is, conventional current, and exiting at a higher voltage. (Benjamin Franklin caused this mess!) For a battery rated at 12 V and 350 A-h, determine:
Known quantities:
Rated voltage of the battery; rated capacity of the battery.
Find:
a) The rated chemical energy stored in the battery
b) The total charge that can be supplied at the rated voltage.
a)
As the battery discharges, the voltage will decrease below the rated voltage. The remaining chemical energy stored in the battery is less useful or not useful.
b) ?Q is the total charge passing through the battery and gaining 12 J/C of electrical energy.
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