Compare and contrast RAID 1 through 6
RAID 1 through 6 achieve fault tolerance by generating and storing redundant data during each write operation. RAID 3 through 6 generate parity bits for data bytes or blocks and store them on one or more of the RAID disks. If a single disk fails, no data is lost because missing bits can be reconstructed from the data and parity bits on the remaining disks, as described in Chapter 8.
In RAID 3 and 4, parity information is stored on a dedicated disk. In RAID 5 and 6, parity information is distributed across all disks in a round-robin fashion. RAID 5 and 6 have slightly better performance during the period between a disk failure and regeneration of its content to a new disk. With RAID 3 and 4, failure of any disk except the parity disk requires recomputing lost data bits from the remaining data and the parity data for all read operations. With RAID 5 and 6, some read operations don't require parity computations. For example, with five disks, RAID 5 stores 20% of the parity information on each disk. If a single disk fails, 80% of subsequent read operations require parity computations, but the other 20% don't.
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