The Chinese state opposed the growth of a landlord class in control of large landed estates because
a. in some cases wealthy landlords could raise their own military forces that could challenge the authority of the emperor.
b. the rebel Wang Mang, who usurped the emperor's authority in 8 C.E., did so by allying with the landlord class against the emperor and peasants.
c. the government did not wish to become too dependent on the taxation of a few wealthy landlords for its revenues.
d. all of the above.
Answer: a. in some cases wealthy landlords could raise their own military forces that could challenge the authority of the emperor.
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