Define shaping. Give a brief example of a shaping procedure
What will be an ideal response?
Shaping is the differential reinforcement of successive approximations of a targeted behavior. Shaping
is used when the student does not have the terminal behavior within his/her repertoire. See section of text on shaping for examples.
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B. F. Skinner expanded Watson’s theories of classical conditioning, clearly demonstrating that child behaviors can be increased or decreased by applying positive ____________________ and negative ____________________
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
One of the common errors in searching for a teaching position is
a. portfolios that are overwhelming. b. individualized cover letters. c. a passive attitude and lack of follow-through. d. applying for too many positions.
A disaster is an overwhelming event that may caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
A) A disease pandemic. B) A fall from playground equipment. C) A chemical spill. D) A fire or flood.
Which of the following practices illustrates norm-referenced evaluations?
a) The five highest-scoring students receive A’s, the next five receive B’s, and so on. b) Students are given the average of their five tests as a final grade. c) Different letter grades are awarded on the basis of students reaching specific cutoff scores. d) Students' lowest test grade is omitted and the other grades are averaged to obtain a final grade.