Studies by Schultz and colleagues suggest that release of dopamine within the nucleus accumbens
a. does not occur for an expected reinforcing stimulus (fruit juice).
b. is automatically produced during stimulus delivery.
c. is greatest for drugs of abuse.
d. is greatest for natural reinforcers.
e. can occur when a stimulus is aversive.
Answer: a. does not occur for an expected reinforcing stimulus (fruit juice).
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According to the discussion about the cognitive approach to writing,
a. most people report that a writing assignment requires a relatively small portion of their cognitive capacity. b. the phonological loop is seldom active when people are working on a writing assignment. c. people often use the "visual" part of the visuospatial sketchpad when they are trying to describe an object's shape. d. the central executive is relatively inactive when people are writing a paper.
Various psychological factors have been used to explain individual variations in blood pressure, including all of the following EXCEPT a. coping style
b. personality. c. level of stress. d. level of intelligence.
You should first transform X to z in all of the following cases except if you seek
a. X that marks a given relative frequency beyond X in tail. b. percentile of an X above the mean. c. percentile of an X below the mean. d. relative frequency of scores beyond X in tail.
In Western cultures, boys are encouraged to develop goal-directed behaviors, which are referred to as __________ behaviors
Fill in the blank with correct word