Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by ________
A) gravity
B) valves contracting and relaxing
C) osmotic gradients
D) pressure gradients
E) breathing
D
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An antibiotic is circulating through the blood when it passes through the kidneys. Only a miniscule amount of it passes through the glomerular capillary and enters the glomerular filtrate, but when its presence in the urine is measured, it has been almost completely excreted! How is this possible?
A. During the process of reabsorption, flow of water across the tubular membrane into the peritubular capillary passively encourages the antibiotic to cross the opposite way. B. Sodium ions crossing into the blood of the peritubular capillary increases osmotic pressure and forces the antibiotic into the proximal tubule. C. The antibiotic is actively transported into the proximal tubule during tubular secretion. D. Stimulation from nerves causes the efferent arteriole to constrict and force the antibiotic through the glomerular capillary into the filtrate.
Match the form of RNA with its function:
1. rRNA 2. mRNAs 3. tRNA 4. microRNA A. Carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis B. Uses an anticodon to guide its attached amino acid to the complementary codon on the mRNA at the ribosome C. Combines in a complex with proteins to make the large and small subunits of a ribosome D. Can suppress and silence certain mRNAs
Discuss the changes in urinary output and possible causes of polyuria
What will be an ideal response?