What has research revealed about the degree to which probation and parole is successful?

a. Probation and parole is a clear success.
b. Probation and parole is a clear failure.
c. Research results are often contradictory.
d. None of the above


Answer: c

Criminal Justice

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Which of the following involves a discretionary reduction of an offender's sentence length by a designated individual(s) in the executive branch (for example, the governor)

a. Curtailed parole. b. Commutation of sentence. c. Mitigated release. d. Modified probation

Criminal Justice

Police may temporarily detain a person who may be connected to a crime to obtain fingerprints, as long as the detention occurs during business hours

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice

In this case, the offender is predicted to re-offend but he is allowed on community supervision due to the effectiveness of his legal representation or some other odd course of events, and he then later does in fact commit an offense

a. False Positive b. True Positive c. True Negative d. False Negative

Criminal Justice

An admission of guilt (i.e., a confession) in common law jurisdictions eliminates the need for a trial. In civil law jurisdictions, an admission of guilt:

a. also eliminates the need for a trial. b. is required before the offender can be sentenced. c. is simply treated as additional evidence to be evaluated. d. is the only way a convicted person can receive any leniency at sentencing.

Criminal Justice