Briefly give an example of how recent research refutes some of Piaget's understanding of preschool children's abilities
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Developmental psychologist Rochel Gelman found that children as young as three can easily tell the difference between rows of two and three toy animals regardless of the toys' spacing. Gelman concludes that children have an innate ability to count akin to learning language, and this is at odds with Piagetian notions, which suggest that children's numerical abilities do not blossom until after the preoperational period.
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In Dollard and Miller's learning theory of personality, cues are
a. stimuli which are strong enough to goad a person into action. b. responses that an individual perceives in the environment. c. external stimuli that signal the presence or absence of reinforcement. d. such things as hunger, pain, thirst, lust, and fear.
Which of the following best describes the contrast between nomothetic and idiographic differences in people?
a. Nomothetic indicates differences in income; idiographic indicates environmental differences b. Nomothetic refers to differences between people; idiographic refers to differences within people. c. Idiographic suggests differences in intelligence; nomothetic refers to differences in nationality. d. Idiographic means external differences; nomothetic means daily changes in internal differences
Wolfgang Köhler suggested that chimps
a. can use a primitive form of language. b. would seek affection directly from Kohler. c. avoid other chimps. d. are capable of insight learning. e. administer punishment to other chimps.
The DSM-5 is organized into _____ general categories of mental disorders
a. 10 b. 20 c. 40 d. 210