Indeterminate sentences have been extensively criticized as contributing to sentencing disparities
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
TRUE
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Which of the following is not one of the principles of Sutherland’s differential associations?
a. Criminal behavior is learned b. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication c. Crime is the result of a lack of serious punishments for deviant behavior d. Differential association may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity
Negative punishment increases the frequency of a desired behavior by following the behavior with the removal of an aversive stimulus
a. True b. False
Describe social process theories of crime causation, including labeling theory and the life course perspective. What types of crime-control policies might be based on such theories?
What will be an ideal response?
Which one of the following is NOT true about the aging of the prison population?
A) Exposure to the highly stressful environment in prison causes inmates to age prematurely. B) Sentencing guidelines take away judicial discretion to keep older offenders in community. C) The overall U.S. population is aging and 32.2 percent of Americans were over age fifty in 2010. D) Inmates are serving longer sentences in prison and therefore stay in prison until they are older.