Anne is waiting to give an oral presentation in one of her college classes. Anne is feeling increasingly “stressed” as the moment nears. Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system. Identify the effects of these divisions on three organs or structures of Anne’s body (1) as she readies to give the presentation and (2) after she returns to her seat with relief after its conclusion.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: The sympathetic nervous system readies the body for action. It mobilizes necessary resources to power the fight-or-flight response. By contrast, the parasympathetic system restores the body’s reserves and enables the elimination of wastes. When Anne is about to give the presentation, the sympathetic nervous system is active. Anne’s heart beats quickly, she may be sweating, and her mouth becomes dry. After the stressful presentation, Anne’s parasympathetic system takes over, slowing her heart, constricting her pupils, and making her mouth less dry.
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