Which of the following is a cornerstone of evidence-based practice?
A) Systematic reviews
B) Secondary study reports
C) Meta-analysis of qualitative studies
D) Narrative integration
A
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Systematic reviews, a cornerstone of evidence-based practice (EBP), are inquiries that follow many of the same rules as those for primary studies, i.e., original research investigations. Secondary study reports are not the basis of evidence-based practice; primary studies, such as journal articles, are the basis. Meta-analyses are associated with quantitative studies, not qualitative ones. About 20 years ago, systematic reviews usually involved narrative integration, using nonstatistical methods to synthesize research findings. Narrative reviews continue to be published in the nursing literature, but meta-analytic techniques that use statistical integration are being increasingly used.
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