Describe the main methods by which reading is taught in the United States today, supported by examples.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Reading is typically taught by the whole language approach, the phonics approach, or a blended approach.
2. The whole language approach assumes that children learn to read naturally by interacting with interesting and meaningful text. For example, a child with an interest in animals could be given books related to wild animals in their natural habitats in order to pique his curiosity.
3. The phonics approach teaches children how spelling patterns correspond to sounds and how to decode printed words. For instance, children learn the sounds that letter combinations make-"ch,""th," etc.-and then learn how to apply these to sound out words.
4. Most teachers today favor a balanced approach to instruction, which blends these two approaches.
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Kai is a soccer player. The motor impulses he needs to kick the ball originate in which lobe of the cerebral cortex?
A. Temporal B. Parietal C. Occipital D. Frontal
Researchers studying the relationship between placebo effects and the cost of medicine reported:
A. the placebo effects depend on both the cost and the patient's perception of the doctor's competence B. no relationship was found C. the pricier the pill, the stronger the placebo effects D. the pricier the pill, the weaker the placebo effects
After memorization, most forgetting tends to occur
a. immediately. b. two days to five days later. c. one to two weeks later. d. six months to one year later.
What is the main reason why fetal malnourishment has lasting effects even after the effects of malnourishment have disappeared?
a. Permanent motor damage is caused by fetal malnourishment. b. Fetal malnourishment causes children to have very low IQs. c. Mothers of children who had fetal malnourishment do not provide nourishing diets to children. d. There is less maternal interest in sickly infants.