A patient is experiencing acute pain. What changes would the nurse expect in the vital signs?
a. increase in blood pressure and pulse
b. decrease in blood pressure and increase in pulse
c. increase in blood pressure and decrease in pulse
d. decrease in blood pressure and pulse
A
With acute pain, sympathetic stimulation increases the heart rate, which increases the cardiac output and vasoconstriction, causing an increased peripheral vascular resistance. These changes result in increased pulse and respiratory rates, depth of respirations, and blood pressure. Chronic pain decreases the pulse rate.
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The following IV orders will be regulated manually. Calculate the flow rate of the IV fluid in gtt/min
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